Harold stevens heart failure quizlet

-Inspect: respiratory status (unexpected)-Auscultate: heart sounds (unexpected), apical pulse (unexpected, also it's the last dot on the left side of patient's body and listen for full minute), breath sounds (unexpected)

Harold stevens heart failure quizlet. Complications of Heart Disease/Heart Failure. Get a hint. heart failure. Click the card to flip 👆. inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen and nutrients. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 51.

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Heart Failure is a condition where the heart is unable to______?, heart failure is often caused by _____?, Pt with heart failure often use a compensatory mechanism such as a ventricular dilatation and thinning of the heart walls.Intitally this mechanism increases the amout of blood that the ventricle can hold: however, it ...Congestive Heart Failure. A clinical condition that occurs when the heart fails to function as an effective pump and therefore does not meet the body's needs for oxygen. Basic Principles of CHF. - Any condition that interferes with efficiency of heart to pump will lead to a decrease in the cardiac output. - Therefore, pump failure has many ...What is stage A Heart failure? Click card to see definition 👆. Patients at a high risk for developing heart failure such as hypertension, coronary artery disease or other atherosclerotic vascular disease, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome. Click again to see term 👆. 1/158. Created by. jonathan_stinson TEACHER.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Health Assess 2.0 Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a …Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 Virtual Clinical Exp- Harold Stevens Heart Failure. Log …

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following patients are MOST at risk for developing heart failure? Select-all-that-apply:* A. A 69 year old male with a history of alcohol abuse and is recovering from a myocardial infarction.Symptoms of heart failure in women include pain in the arms, back, neck or jaw; chest pain; shortness of breath and fatigue, explains WebMD. Stomach pain and a nervous, cold sweat ...What is the best response? 1. Pour the amount of fluid you drink into an empty 2 liter bottle to keep track of how much you drink. 2. Each glass contains 8 oz there are 30ml per oz so you can have a total of 8 glasses a day. 3. the is the same as 2 quarts or about the same as two pots of coffee. 4. Take sips of water or ice chips so you will ...Physiological principle that explains how the heart responds to changes in venous return. Increase in venous return, increased filling of blood, increase in heart stretch and more forceful contraction and so pumps more blood out to the rest of the body. Myocardial contractility (Ionotropy) independent. - To discuss the causes of heart failure ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client visits the healthcare clinic complaining of increasing fatigue and difficulty breathing. Physical assessment findings include a rapid, irregular heart rate of 138 beats/min, blood pressure of 140/86 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min. The client's breath sounds are clear with fine crackles in the bases ...Harold Stevens: Heart failure 4/30/2022 28 min. Page 1 of 4. Essential Actions Interactive actions - 10 of 11 performed correctly. You demonstrated a thorough understanding of assessment techniques within the focused health assessment based on this client's health status. You demonstrated an understanding of the following assessment ...heart failure. ejection fraction is amount of blood pumped out of the LV w/ next systole (gotten from dx of echo) do co morbidities contribute to development of HF. true. primary causes. conditions that directly damage the heart like CAD AND HTN. myocardial infarction. dead muscle can't pump. valve disorders.

Physiological principle that explains how the heart responds to changes in venous return. Increase in venous return, increased filling of blood, increase in heart stretch and more forceful contraction and so pumps more blood out to the rest of the body. Myocardial contractility (Ionotropy) independent. - To discuss the causes of heart failure ...Harold Stevens: Heart failure - Score Details of Most Recent Use COMPOSITE SCORES 98%. Individual Score. Harold Stevens: Heart failure. 98%. Total Time Use: 49 min. Harold Stevens: Heart failure - History. Date/Time Score Time Use EHR Status. Harold Stevens: Heart failure 10/29/2023 6:34:35 PM 98% 49 min Not Reviewed. SimulationCheck O2 Levels > Oximeter > Expected. Abdomen > inspect > Skin > Expected. Lower Extremities > inspect > Skin > Expected. Before you Leave. Raise side rail. Lower bed. Hand Hygiene. Open curtain. ATI Virtual Practice Learn with flashcards, games, and more — …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like While assessing a 68-year-old with ascites, the nurse also notes JVD with the head of the patient's bed elevated 45 degrees. The nurse knows this finding indicates a. decreased fluid volume b. jugular vein atherosclerosis c. increased right atrial pressure d. incompetent jugular vein pressure, The nurse is caring for a patient ...View harold stevens post virtual questions .docx from BIOLOGY 201 at Faulkner CC. Halley Turner 4/2/2020 Virtual Clinical Simulation Questions Week 2 Post-Virtual Simulation Questions 1. ... I learned what assessment procedures are necessary for a patient with heart failure compared to a healthy patient and how important it is to focus on the ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the 2 main leading causes of heart failure?, sacubitril inhibits what?, What 2 aldosterone antagonists are not useful in HF and why? and more.

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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Prep, Communication, Anterior chest and more. ... heart sounds (unexpected), apical pulse (unexpected, also it's the last dot on the left side of patient's body and listen for full ... Practice Assessment- Harold Stevens. 7 terms. subiewrx18. About us. About Quizlet; How Quizlet ...Module: Harold Stevens: Heart failure. Individual Name: Carla Zapata. Institution: San Antonio College. Program Type: ADN. Simulation. Scenario In this virtual simulation, you …Harold stevens ati Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... Top creator on Quizlet. Share. Harold stevens ati. Share. Students also viewed. Harold Stevens Ati. 10 terms. ciara_joy_roberts. ... Inspect---1. respiratory status- unexpected Auscultate--- 1. heart sounds- flip stethoscope and do again - unexpected 2.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Before, Communication, Anterior Chest and more.Unformatted text preview: Harold Stevens Ati Flashcards | Quizlet 2/2 Posterior chest Inspect---1. skin expected 2. symmetry- expected Auscultate 1. breath sounds- UNexpected Upper extremity Inspect ----1. oxygen sat- unexpected 2. Cap refill - unexpected 3.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How do you position a patient to assess abdomen ?, Flat abdomen, Rounded abdomen and more. ... ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. 7 terms. Cjcourtright24. Preview. Skin Problems: Care and Treatment. 82 terms. cpotter142. Preview. CDM exam pt 1. 39 terms. wgagymgirl.

why is left ventricular hypertrophy a cause of heart failure. thickening of L ventricle due to chronic overload. what four factors cause someone to have a "metabolic syndrome". 1. obesity. 2. high triglycerides. 3. low HDL. 4. high blood sugar. list the risk factors heart failure for IHD/CAD. -metabolic syndrome.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Knowing that the client has two risk factors that cannot be modified, which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?, Which assessment finding provides the earliest indication that the client is experiencing right-sided heart failure?, Based on the electrocardiogram rhythm strip, what ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is assessing a client who has pulmonary edema related to heart failure. Which of the following findings indicates effective treatment of the client's condition? A. Absence of adventitious breath sounds B. Presence of a nonproductive cough C. Decrease in respiratory rate at rest D. SaO2 86% on room air, A nurse is caring ...2. fluid volume excess. 3. decreased cardiac output. 4. Impaired gas exchange. 5. Knowledge deficit. 6. Disturbed sleep pattern. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse is caring for a client with right-sided heart failure.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today.Harold Stevens Assessment Charting: Pt Info: Birthdate: 7/26 (53 years old) Dx: heart failure ; Other problems: Hypertension no allergies Fatigue: P-106bpm; R-22/min; Pulse Ox- 98 on Room Air Head, face: Head round and symmetrical Eyes: Symmetrical. Sclera normal. LOC: Full consciousness. Neurological comments: Client reports fatigue stating, "I've been feeling tired, even after a good night's ...Harold Stevens Assessment Charting: Pt Info: Birthdate: 7/26 (53 years old) Dx: heart failure ; Other problems: Hypertension no allergies Fatigue: P-106bpm; R …The term heart failure indicates myocardial disease, in which there is a problem with the contraction of the heart (systolic failure) or filling of the heart (diastolic failure). Most heart failure is a progressive, lifelong disorder managed with lifestyle changes and meds. HF Prevalence and Incidence. Prevalence in United States, ~5.7 million.

Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Health Assess 2.0 Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a …

the % of blood ejected from heart during systole; normal is 50-70%; drops below 40% with ventricular dilation. LVF - Systolic Heart Failure - Manifestations. symptoms of inadequate tissue perfusion or pulmonary and systemic congestion; often called "forward failure" because cardiac output is decreased and fluid backs up into pulmonary systems.View Harold Stevens Ati Flashcards _ Quizlet_correct.pdf from NUR 200 at Wallace Community College. 4/16/2021 Harold Stevens Ati Flashcards | Quizlet Harold Stevens Ati Get access to all your stats,Left Sided Heart Failure/CHF: Define. Inefficient pumping of the left side of heart--> back up of blood into left atrium and pulmonary veins. Left ventricular dysfunction. Common causes: disease of the coronary arteries, hypertension, MI.View Harold Stevens ATI.docx from NURSING NUR 215 at Arizona College. *Please type your answers in BLUE *Type NA if the category is Not Applicable Date: 10/29/2020 Student Name: Mallory ... After completing the virtual simulation about HAROLD STEVENS: Heart Failure in ATI , respond to the following clinical judgment questions. Recognizing cues ...Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before. Click the card to flip.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the 2 main leading causes of heart failure?, sacubitril inhibits what?, What 2 aldosterone antagonists are not useful in HF and why? and more.Chapter 35 Heart Failure -. Term. 1 / 108. Heart failure. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 108. is an abnormal clinical condition involving impaired cardiac pumping. It results in the characteristic pathophysiologic changes of vasoconstriction and fluid retention.Terms in this set (17) Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart failure, occurs when your heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. 1. Coronary artery disease 35-40% (most common) 2. Hypertension (15-20%) 3. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (30-40%) 4.

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Academic year: 2021/2022. Uploaded by: Anonymous Student. Belmont University. Module Report. Achieved Intervention. Simulation: HealthAssess 3. Module: Harold Stevens: Heart failure. Individual Name: Caroline Haynes. Institution: Vanderbilt University SON. Program Type: BSN. Individual Score.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before. Click the card to flip.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Before, Communication, Anterior Chest and more.Heart failure. Failure of heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Develops from work overload or pump weakness. CHF occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate sufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the tissues or can do so only at an elevated filling pressure.Severe HF is often associated with renal insufficiency due to decreased perfusion of the kidneys. These patients are at high risk for fluid volume overload and must restrict fluids to less than 2 L daily in order to avoid further complications, such as pulmonary edema, which is life threatening. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards ...Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 Virtual Clinical Exp- Harold Stevens Heart Failure. Log …-Inspect: respiratory status (unexpected)-Auscultate: heart sounds, going down use diaphragm at each point including apical, then flip to bell and listen to apical again and go back up each spot using bell (unexpected) Auscultate: apical pulse (unexpected, listen for full minute) Auscultate: breath sounds (unexpected)Compensatory heart failure mechanisms. 1. Sympathetic nervous system activation. 2. RAAS activation (angiotensin II and aldosterone can directly lead to cardiac remodeling). 3. Increased chronic preload over time = myocardial hypertrophy. Remodeling of the cardiac muslce can result in... change of size, shape, structure and function of the heart.Heart Failure w/ Atrial Fibrillation Case Study. Meet the Client: Jonathan Stevens - Sixty-three-year-old Jonathan Stevens visits the healthcare clinic complaining of increasing fatigue and difficulty breathing. Physical assessment findings include a rapid, irregular heart rate of 138 beats/min, BP of 140/86 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 28 ...Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Health Assess 2.0 Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before you start. ….

Left Sided Heart Failure/CHF: Define. Inefficient pumping of the left side of heart--> back up of blood into left atrium and pulmonary veins. Left ventricular dysfunction. Common causes: disease of the coronary arteries, hypertension, MI.What type of heart failure does this statement describe? The ventricle is unable to properly fill with blood because it is too stiff. Therefore, blood backs up into the lungs causing the patient to experience SOB 1. left ventricular systolic dysfunction 2. left ventricular right sided dysfunction 3. right ventricular diastolic dysfunction 4. left ventricular diastolic dysfunctionStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Before you start the assessment, Gather subjective data, Upper Extremities and more. ... ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. 7 terms. Cjcourtright24. Preview. Practice Assessment-David Rodriguez. 8 terms. merrittdana. Preview. Biomed 2.1.1 - 2.1.3 Quiz. 82 terms. alexis27281.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today.Start studying Heart Failure. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Evolve- EXAM 3 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.Health Assess Product Spotlight - ATI Testing1) measure urine. 2) weight patient daily (at the same time everyday, prefer morning) 3) give/take medication in the morning. 4) assessing edema. What do you give to HF patients who have impaired gas exchange with dyspnea who are super anxious? Morphine - relief from dyspnea.the % of blood ejected from heart during systole; normal is 50-70%; drops below 40% with ventricular dilation. LVF - Systolic Heart Failure - Manifestations. symptoms of inadequate tissue perfusion or pulmonary and systemic congestion; often called "forward failure" because cardiac output is decreased and fluid backs up into pulmonary systems.Module: Harold Stevens: Heart failure. Individual Name: Michelle Nisanov. Institution: Keiser U Ft. Lauderdale ASN. Program Type: ADN. Simulation. Scenario In this virtual simulation, you cared for Harold Stevens. The goal was to complete a focused cardiovascular assessment and intervene based on the client's needs. Harold stevens heart failure quizlet, Categorized into one of four groups based on hemo-dynamic and clinical status: dry-warm, dry-cold, wet-warm, and wet-cold (Table 35-3). The most common presentation is the warm and wet patient. This patient has adequate perfusion (warm) but has volume overload (ex: congestion, dyspnea, edema). Chronic Heart Failure., Care Plan Harold Stevens Diagnosis: Impaired Gas exchange R/T: Consolidation AEB tachycardia and difficulty breathing Short term goal: Maintain adequate oxygen saturation of 92% or above with heart rate returning to within normal limits Interventions: 1. Maintain respiratory rate, depth, and ease of respiration. Watch for use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring when assessing the client., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Heart examination, S1, mitral & tricuspid and more. ... ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. 7 terms. Cjcourtright24. Preview. Heart (ATI 29) 18 terms. kat_seitz6. Preview. Fundamental (2) Real . 58 terms. AkankeAde_Sewa. Preview. Breast Surgery. Teacher 20 terms., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Introduction, Communication, Anterior chest and more. ... ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. 7 terms ..., -Inspect: respiratory status (unexpected)-Auscultate: heart sounds (unexpected), apical pulse (unexpected, also it's the last dot on the left side of patient's body and listen for full minute), breath sounds (unexpected) , 2.Reduced formation of cross-bridges so that contractile force decreases. 3.Activation of the sympathetic nervous system that increases heart rate and preload. 4.Decreased renal blood flow that decreases oxygen supply to the kidneys. 3. One of the three types of heart failure involves systolic dysfunction., Chronic heart failure. (congestive heart failure) results from the insidious and progressive deterioration in myocardial function associated with a number of cardiac diseases. Decreased cardiac output is compensated for by a series of compensatory mechanisms that can lead to further decrements in cardiac function., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Meet the Client: Jonathan StevensSixty-three-year-old Jonathan Stevens visits the healthcare clinic complaining of increasing fatigue and difficulty breathing. Physical assessment findings include a rapid, irregular heart rate of 138 beats/min, BP of 140/86 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 28 …, Assessment Techniques. Inspect, Palpate, Auscultate: - Heart and peripheral blood vessels. - Respiratory (SOB; heart failure) - Integumentary System (color of skin, edema, moisture) Skin assessment will overlap with cardiovascular assessment. - Refer back to Skin module for better understanding of some of the components included in the ..., Academic year: 2021/2022. Uploaded by: Anonymous Student. Belmont University. Module Report. Achieved Intervention. Simulation: HealthAssess 3. Module: Harold Stevens: …, Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards, Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before. Click the card to flip., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Heart examination, S1, mitral & tricuspid and more. ... ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. 7 terms. Cjcourtright24. Preview. Heart (ATI 29) 18 terms. kat_seitz6. Preview. Fundamental (2) Real . ... inspect _____ with the client in the bed with the head of the bad at 30-45* to ..., Ch. 35 Nursing Management: Heart Failure. Heart failure (HF) Click the card to flip 👆. is an abnormal clinical syndrome involving impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 57., Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Match. Virtual Clinical Exp- Harold Stevens Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Ready to play? Match all the terms with their definitions as fast as you can. Avoid wrong matches, they add ..., exercise and cold intolerance. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A change in which cardiac parameter is used in the definition of heart failure?, A patient with a history of emphysema is at risk for which type of heart failure?, Which conditions predispose a patient to heart failure? and more., Congestive Heart Failure Definition. inability of the myocardium to pump. sufficient blood to the tissues of the body. to meet metabolic demands. Renin Angiotensin System. Baroreceptors sense ↓ pressure and. interprets that the body is bleeding and. resonds by signalling to ↑ BP so the body can perfuse oxygen., Definitions of Acute Heart Failure. - Defined as a rapid onset of new or worsening signs and symptoms of HF. - Can be life threatening, requiring hospitalization and emergency treatment with the primary goal of managing fluid overload and hemodynamic compromise. - Includes first time presentations with classic signs (de novo) and symptoms and ..., Patient was brought in with Heart Failure and hypertension, Patient was assessed for heart and lungs. Patient seems to have some pleural friction rub in the RLL, and LLL, patient states he has edema on the lower extremities, upon assessing he has 2+ 4mm mild return 10-15 second bilaterally., A. Heart is incapable of beating. B. Cardiac muscle has become ischemic. C. Heart valves cannot open completely. D. Heart is unable to effectively pump blood. D. Heart is unable to effectively pump blood. Heart failure is when the pumping action of the heart is inadequate to send blood to the body's organs sufficient to meet the metabolic needs ..., View Harold Stevens Ati Flashcards _ Quizlet.pdf from NUR 200 at Wallace Community College. 4/16/2021 Harold Stevens Ati …, Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Health Assess 2.0 Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before you start., Harold Stevens: Heart failure 5/3/2022 56 min. Page 1 of 4. Essential Actions Interactive actions - 7 of 11 performed correctly. You did not demonstrate a basic understanding of assessment techniques within the focused health assessment based on this client's health status., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Causes ofLeft-sided heart failure, The effects of left-sided heart failure, What is systolic heart failure? and more., Terms in this set (63) Heart Failure. Complex clinical syndrome that result from any structural disease that imparts ability of ventricle to fill w/ or eject blood. SHF - inability to expel sufficient blood. DHF - failure to relax and fill normally. HF w/ Reduced EF (HFrEF), Definition of Heart Failure (HF) Clinical syndrome characterized by structural or functional impairment to filling of the ventricles or the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood. - Not a specific disease entity but is a common final pathway for a wide variety of CV disease states. In the developed world, esp in the US, HF is most ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like HF-1. The following are used for treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: 1. Treatment of the underlying disease 2. Beta-blockers 3. Sacubitril/valsartan 4. Diuretics 5. ACE inhibitors, HF-2. Chronic heart failure patient suffers from fatigue, shortness of breath and palpitations on less than daily ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is heart failure?, What are the different types of heart failure?, What is left-sided heart failure formally known as? and more. Try Magic Notes and save time., Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before. Click the card to flip., Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. ... Flashcards. 1 / 7 ATI Health Assess 2.0 Harold Stevens: Heart Failure. Log in. Sign up. Get a hint. Before you start. Click the card to flip-adjust curtain-hand sanitizer-check ID ..., Q-Chat. jasmeen_williams9. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what is a warning sign of an impending MI?, This is the essential time limit for a person seeking treatment of an MI, What is anginal pain often described as? and more., Atrial fibrillation commonly occurs in heart failure. Multiple areas in the atria initiate rapid, irregular electrical stimuli, which results in the inability to see clear P waves on the ECG recording. Some, but not all, of these electrical impulses travel through the AV node, causing an irregular ventricular response., Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. Flashcards